Venus/Earth Comparison
Bulk Parameters
| VENUS | EARTH | RATIO (VENUS/EARTH) | |
| Mass (1024kg) | 4.8685 | 5.9736 | 0.815 |
| Volume (1010 km3) | 92.843 | 108.321 | 0.857 |
| Equatorial radius (km) | 6051.8 | 6378.1 | 0.949 |
| Polar radius (km) | 6051.8 | 6356.8 | 0.952 |
| Volumetric mean radius (km) | 6051.8 | 6371.0 | 0.950 |
| Ellipticity (Flattening) | 0.000 | 0.00335 | 0.0 |
| Mean density (kg/m3) | 5243 | 5515 | 0.951 |
| Surface gravity (eq.) (m/s2) | 8.87 | 9.78 | 0.907 |
| Escape velocity (km/s) | 10.36 | 11.2 | 0.926 |
| GM (x 106 km3/s2) | 0.3249 | 0.3986 | 0.815 |
| Bond albedo | 0.750 | 0.306 | 2.45 |
| Visual geometric albedo | 0.65 | 0.367 | 1.77 |
| Visual magnitude V(1,0) | -4.40 | -3.86 | - |
| Solar irradiance (W/m2) | 2613.9 | 1367.6 | 1.911 |
| Black-body temperature (K) | 231.7 | 254.3 | 0.911 |
| Topographic range (km) | 15 | 20 | 0.750 |
| Moment of inertia (I/MR2) | 0.33 | 0.3308 | 0.998 |
| J2 (x 10-6) | 4.458 | 1082.63 | 0.004 |
| Number of natural satellites | 0 | 1 | |
| Planetary ring system | No | No |
Orbital Parameters
| VENUS | EARTH | RATIO (VENUS/EARTH) | |
| Semimajor axis (106 km) | 108.21 | 149.60 | 0.723 |
| Sidereal orbit period (days) | 224.701 | 365.256 | 0.615 |
| Tropical orbit period (days) | 224.695 | 365.242 | 0.615 |
| Perihelion (106 km) | 107.48 | 147.09 | 0.731 |
| Aphelion (106 km) | 108.94 | 152.10 | 0.716 |
| Synodic period (days) | 583.92 | - | - |
| Mean orbital velocity (km/s) | 35.02 | 29.78 | 1.176 |
| Max. orbital velocity (km/s) | 35.26 | 30.29 | 1.164 |
| Min. orbital velocity (km/s) | 34.79 | 29.29 | 1.188 |
| Orbit inclination (deg) | 3.39 | 0.00 | - |
| Orbit eccentricity | 0.0067 | 0.0167 | 0.401 |
| Sidereal rotation period (hrs) | -5832.5 | 23.9345 | 243.686 |
| Length of day (hrs) | 2802.0 | 24.0000 | 116.750 |
| Obliquity to orbit (deg) | 177.36 | 23.45 | (0.113) |
Venus Observational Parameters
| Discoverer | Unknown |
| Discovery Date | Prehistoric |
| Distance from Earth | |
| Minimum (106 km) | 38.2 |
| Maximum (106 km) | 261.0 |
| Apparent diameter from Earth | |
| Maximum (seconds of arc) | 66.0 |
| Minimum (seconds of arc) | 9.7 |
| Maximum visual magnitude | -4.6 |
| Mean values at inferior conjunction with Earth | |
| Distance from Earth (106 km) | 41.44 |
| Apparent diameter (seconds of arc) | 60.2 |
Venus Mean Orbital Elemens (J2000)
| Semimajor axis (AU) | 0.72333199 |
| Orbital eccentricity | 0.00677323 |
| Orbital inclination (deg) | 3.39471 |
| Longitude of ascending node (deg) | 76.68069 |
| Longitude of perihelion (deg) | 131.53298 |
| Mean Longitude (deg) | 181.97973 |
North Pole of Rotation
| Right Ascension | 272.76 |
| Declination | 67.16 |
| Reference Date | 12:00 UT 1 Jan 2000 (JD 2451545.0) |
Venus Atmosphere
| Surface pressure | 92 bars |
| Surface Density | ~65. kg/m3 |
| Scale height | 15.9 km |
| Total mass of atmosphere | ~4.8 x 1020 kg |
| Average temperature | 737 K (464 C) |
| Diurnal temperature range | ~0 |
| Wind speeds | 0.3 to 1.0 m/s (surface) |
| Mean molecular weight | 43.45 g/mole |
| Atmospheric composition (near surface, by volume) | 42% Oxygen (O2), 29% Sodium (Na), |
| Major | 96.5% Carbon Dioxide (CO2), 3.5% Nitrogen (N2) |
| Minor (ppm) | Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) - 150; Argon (Ar) - 70; Water (H2O) - 20; Carbon Monoxide (CO) - 17; Helium (He) - 12; Neon (Ne) - 7 |
