Mass (1024 kg)	5.9736
Volume (1010 km3)	108.321
Equatorial radius (km)	6378.1
Polar radius (km)	6356.8
Volumetric mean radius (km)	6371.0
Core radius (km)	3485
Ellipticity (Flattening)	0.00335
Mean density (kg/m3)	5515
Surface gravity (m/s2)	9.78
Escape velocity (km/s)	11.186
GM (x 106 km3/s2)	0.3986
Bond albedo	0.306
Visual geometric albedo	0.367
Visual magnitude V(1,0)	-3.86
Solar irradiance (W/m2)	1367.6
Black-body temperature (K)	254.3
Topographic range (km)	20
Moment of inertia (I/MR2)	0.3308
J2 (x 10-6)	1082.63
Number of natural satellites	1
Planetary ring system	No

Semimajor axis (AU)	1.00000011
Orbital eccentricity	0.01671022
Orbital inclination (deg)	0.00005
Longitude of ascending node (deg)	-11.26064
Longitude of perihelion (deg)	102.94719
Mean Longitude (deg)	100.46435

Right Ascension:	0.00 - 0.641T
Declination:	90.00 - 0.557T
Reference Date:	12:00 UT 1 Jan 2000 (JD 2451545.0)
T = Julian centuries from reference date

Dipole field strength:	0.3076 gauss-Re3
Latitude/Longitude of dipole N:	78.6 degrees N/70.1 degrees W
Dipole offset (planet center to dipole center) distance:	0.0725 Re
Latitude/Longitude of offset vector:	18.3 degrees N/147.8 degrees E
Note: Re denotes Earth radii, 6,378 km

Surface pressure:	1014 mb
Surface density:	1.217 kg/m3
Scale height:	8.5 km
Total mass of atmosphere:	5.1 x 1018 kg
Total mass of hydrosphere:	1.4 x 1021 kg
Average temperature:	288 K (15 C)
Diurnal temperature range:	283 K to 293 K (10 to 20 C)
Wind speeds:	0 to 100 m/s
Mean molecular weight:	28.97 g/mole
Atmospheric composition (by volume, dry air):
Major:	78.084% Nitrogen (N2), 20.946% Oxygen (O2),
Minor (ppm):	Argon (Ar) - 9340; Carbon Dioxide (CO2) - 350; Neon (Ne) - 18.18; Helium (He) - 5.24; CH4 - 1.7; Krypton (Kr) - 1.14; Hydrogen (H2) - 0.55
Water is highly variable, typically makes up about	1%

 

 

 

 

Moon/Earth Comparison

 

 

Bulk Parameters

	Moon	Earth	Ratio (Moon/Earth)
Mass (1024 kg)	0.07349	5.9736	0.0123
Volume (1010 km3)	2.1958	108.321	0.0203
Equatorial radius (km)	1738.1	6378.1	0.2725
Polar radius (km)	1736.0	6356.8	0.2731
Volumetric mean radius (km)	1737.1	6371.0	0.2727
Ellipticity (Flattening)	0.0012	0.00335	0.36
Mean density (kg/m3)	3350	5515	0.607
Surface gravity (m/s2)	1.62	9.78	0.166
Escape velocity (km/s)	2.38	11.2	0.213
GM (x 106 km3/s2)	0.0049	0.3986	0.0123
Bond albedo	0.11	0.306	0.360
Visual geometric albedo	0.12	0.367	0.330
Visual magnitude V(1,0)	+0.21	-3.86	-
Solar irradiance (W/m2)	1367.6	1367.6	1.000
Black-body temperature (K)	274.5	254.3	1.079
Topographic range (km)	16	20	0.800
Moment of inertia (I/MR2)	0.394	0.3308	1.191
J2 (x 10-6)	202.7	1082.63	0.187

           Lunar Atmosphere

Diurnal temperature range:	>100 K to <400 K  (roughly -250 F to +250 F)
Total mass of atmosphere:	~25,000 kg
Surface pressure (night):	3 x 10-15 bar  (2 x 10-12 torr)
Abundance at surface:	2 x 105 particles/cm3
Estimated Composition (particles per cubic cm):	Helium 4 (4He) - 40,000 ; Neon 20 (20Ne) - 40,000 ; Hydrogen (H2) - 35,000; Argon 40 (40Ar) - 30,000 ;
	Neon 22 (22Ne) - 5,000 ; Argon 36 (36Ar) - 2,000; Methane - 1000 ; Ammonia - 1000 ;
	Carbon Dioxide (CO2) - 1000; Trace Oxygen (O+), Aluminum (Al+), Silicon (Si+);
	Possible Phosphorus (P+), Sodium (Na+), Magnesium (Mg+)

 Composition of the tenuous lunar atmosphere is poorly known and variable, 
these are estimates of the upper limits of the nighttime ambient atmosphere 
composition.  Daytime levels were difficult to measure due to heating and 
outgassing of Apollo surface experiments.